History Proclamation
August
6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the
United States, This is what makes the moral fall of the spirit of the Japanese
army in the world. A
day later Investigation Agency Business BPUPKI Preparation of Indonesian
Independence, or "Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai", renamed PPKI (Preparatory
Committee for Indonesian Independence) or also called Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai in
Japanese, to further confirm the desire and goal of achieving the independence
of Indonesia. On
August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the
Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies. This
moment is also used by Indonesia for its independence.
Sukarno,
Hatta PPKI as leader and as a former chairman Radjiman Wedyodiningrat BPUPKI
flown to Dalat, 250 km north-east of Saigon, Vietnam to meet Marshal Terauchi. They
reported that the Japanese were on the verge of defeat and will give
independence to Indonesia. Meanwhile
in Indonesia, on August 10, 1945, Sutan Syahrir had heard the news on the radio
that the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies. The
underground fighters preparing to proclaim the independence of Indonesia, and
rejected form of independence given as a gift of Japan.
On
August 12, 1945, Japan by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, told Sukarno,
Hatta and Radjiman that the Japanese government will soon give independence to
Indonesia and the proclamation of independence can be implemented within a few
days, depending on how the PPKI. Despite
this independence for Indonesia Japan on August 24.
Two
days later, while Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman returned to their homeland from
Dalat, Sutan Syahrir urged Sukarno declared independence immediately because he
thought the meeting in Dalat as a ruse Japan, because the Japanese all the time
had to be surrendered to the Allies and to avoid a split in the the nationalist camp,
between the anti-and pro-Japanese. Syahrir
Hatta told about the meeting in Dalat. Sukarno
was not yet convinced that the Japanese had surrendered, and the proclamation
of independence of Indonesia when it could cause great bloodshed, and can have
fatal consequences if the fighters Indonesia is not ready. Soekarno
Hatta warned that Syahrir no right to declare independence because it is the
right of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). Meanwhile
Syahrir agency considers PPKI is made in Japan and the proclamation of
independence by PPKI just a 'gift' from Japan (sic).
On 14
August 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies. Japanese
Army and Navy are still in power in Indonesia because of Japan has promised to
restore the power in Indonesia in the hands of the Allies. Sutan
Sjahrir, Wikana, Dervish, and Saleh Chaerul this news through BBC radio. After
hearing rumors of Japan will its knees, the younger group urged parents to
immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. But the older group did
not want to rush. They
do not want the bloodshed at the time of the proclamation. Consultation was
carried out in the form of meetings PPKI. Young
Group does not approve the meeting, considering PPKI is a body established by
the Japanese. They
want freedom to the efforts of our nation itself, not giving Japan.
Sukarno
and Hatta went to military rulers of Japan (Gunsei) to obtain confirmation in
his office in Koningsplein (Merdeka Square). But the office was empty.
Sukarno
and Hatta with Soebardjo then to the office Bukanfu, Rear Admiral Maeda, in
Jalan Medan Merdeka Utara (Maeda house on Jl Imam Bonjol 1). Maeda
welcome them with congratulations on their success in Dalat. As
he says he has not received confirmation and are still waiting for instructions
from Tokyo. Coming
home from Maeda, Sukarno and Hatta immediately prepare for the meeting of the
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on August 16 at 10 am
the next day at the office Pejambon Road No 2 to discuss all things related to
the preparation of the Declaration of Independence.
A
day later, the pressure fluctuation takeover Indonesia requires mounting
launched the youth of some classes. PPKI
meeting on August 16 at 10 am was not implemented because of Sukarno and Hatta
did not appear. The
meeting participants do not know Rengasdengklok event has occurred.
The
young fighters, including Chaerul Saleh, Sukarni, and Wikana - supposedly
reportedly burned surge heroism after discussion with the title Datuk Tan
Malaka Ibrahim - who joined the underground movement lost patience, and in the
early morning of August 16, 1945. Together
Shodancho Singgih, a member of PETA, and another boy, they brought Sukarno
(along Fatmawati Guntur-old and 9 months) and Hatta, the Rengasdengklok, which
became known as Rengasdengklok event. The goal is to Ir. Sukarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta is not affected by the
Japanese. Here,
they are re-assured Soekarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters are
ready to fight the Japanese, no matter what. In
Jakarta, the younger, Wikana, and old groups, namely Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo negotiations. Mr. Ahmad
Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. then
diutuslah Yusuf Ahmad Soebardjo Kunto to take into Rengasdengklok. They picked Ir. Sukarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta returned to Jakarta. Mr. Ahmad
Soebardjo managed to convince the youth to not rush - rush declared
independence. After
arriving in Jakarta, they go home each. Given
that the Hotel Des Indes (now a shopping complex in Harmony) can not be used
for meetings after 10 pm, then Rear Admiral Maeda bid to use his house (now a
museum building proclamation formulation) as a meeting place PPKI accepted by
the leaders of Indonesia.
At night,
Soekarno and Hatta returned to Jakarta. Maj.
Gen. Moichiro Yamamoto, XVI Army Chief of Staff (Army) who became head of the
military government of Japan (Gunseikan) in the Dutch East Indies refused to
accept Sukarno-Hatta delivered by Tadashi Maeda and ordered Major General
Otoshi Nishimura, Head of the General Affairs Department of government Japanese
military, to receive the group. Nishimura
argued that since the afternoon of August 16, 1945 has received an order from
Tokio that Japan should maintain the status quo, can not give permission to
prepare the proclamation of Indonesian independence, as had been promised by
Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam. Sukarno
and Hatta regretted that decision and insinuated Nishimura whether an officer
spirited attitude Bushido, break a promise to be pitied by the Allies. Finally
Sukarno-Hatta requested that do not impede the work PPKI Nishimura, perhaps by
way of pretending not to know. Seeing
the hot debate Maeda quietly leave the room because it was warned by Nishimura
in order to obey Tokio Maeda, and he knows as Navy liaison officer (Kaigun) in
the Army (Rikugun) he does not have the authority to decide.
Once
out of the house Nishimura, Sukarno-Hatta headed home admiral Maeda (now Jalan
Imam Bonjol 1) accompanied by Myoshi to conduct a meeting to prepare the text
of the Proclamation. After
greeting Sukarno-Hatta left arguing with Nishimura, Maeda resigned to her
bedroom. Preparation of
the text of the Proclamation made by Sukarno, M. Hatta, Achmad
Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarni, BM Diah, Sudiro (Grandma) and Sayuti
Melik. Myoshi
half-drunk in the back seat listening to the preparation of the text but then
there is a sentence of Shigetada Nishijima as if he shared proclamation
interfere with the preparation and suggested that the transfer of power that
just means the administrative power. On
this Bung Karno confirmed that the transfer of power that means "transfer
of power". Bung
Hatta, Subardjo, BM Diah, Sukarni, Sudiro and Malik Sajuti nothing but justify
the claim in some quarters Nishijima Nishijima claims are echoed.
Once
the draft is complete agreement, Sajuti copying and typing text using a
typewriter taken from the German Navy offices, owned by Major (Sea) Dr. Hermann Kandeler. At
first reading of the proclamation will be made at the Field Ikada, due to the
security reasons moved to the residence of Sukarno, East Pegangsaan Road 56
(now Jl. Proclamation no. 1).
Negotiations
between the younger and older groups in the preparation of the text of the
Proclamation of Indonesian Independence took place at 2:00 to 4:00 a.m. in the
morning. Text
of the proclamation was written in the dining room at Admiral Tadashi Maeda jln
Imam Bonjol No. 1. The author of the text of
the proclamation is Ir. Sukarno, Drs. Moh. Hatta, and Mr. Ahmad Soebarjo. The concept proclamation
written by Ir. Sukarno himself. In the
front room, attended BM Diah Sayuti Melik, Sukarni and Soediro. Sukarni
proposed that the text of the proclamation was signed Ir. Sukarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian
nation. Indonesia's
Proclamation text typed by Sayuti melik. The
next morning, August 17, 1945, at the residence of Sukarno, East 56th Street
Pegangsaan have attended, among others Soewirjo, Wilopo, Gafar Pringgodigdo,
Tabrani and Trimurti. The
event begins at 10:00 pm with the reading of the proclamation by Sukarno and
connected speech without text. Then
the flag, which had been sewn by bu Fatmawati, raised, followed by remarks by
Soewirjo, deputy mayor of Jakarta at the time and Moewardi, led Barisan
Pioneer.
At
first Trimurti asked to raise the flag but he refused on the grounds pengerekan
flag should be carried by a soldier. Therefore
instituted Hendraningrat Latif, a soldier MAP, assisted by Soehoed for the
task. A
young woman emerged from behind a tray flag (Sang Saka Merah Putih), were sewn
by Fatmawati few days earlier. After
the flag flying, the audience sing Indonesia Raya. Until
now, the flag is still stored heritage monument museum National Monument.
After
the ceremony took place, approximately 100 members of Barisan Pioneers led
S.Brata come in a hurry because they do not know where sudden changes of Ikada to
Pegangsaan. They
demand repeat readings Proclamation Sukarno, but was rejected. Finally Hatta
gave a brief message to them.
